Python ranks among the most popular programming languages worldwide, valued for its readable syntax and extensive application support. Python 3 brings enhanced performance, security patches, and compatibility with modern development tools.
If you’re running Ubuntu 20.04 or 22.04, you’ll need Python installed to run scripts, develop applications, or work with data science tools. This guide walks you through three reliable installation methods, from the quick APT approach to compiling from source code for the latest release.
Understanding your options helps you choose the right installation method for your specific needs.
How to Install Python on Ubuntu?
Before starting, verify if Python already exists on your system. Open your terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T and type python3 --version. If you see version information, Python is already installed. An error message means you need to proceed with installation.
Your system should have a user account with root privileges and terminal access.
Method 1: Install Using APT Package Manager
This approach uses Ubuntu’s default repositories and works fastest for most users.
Update Your System
Run this command to refresh package information:
sudo apt update
This ensures you get the most current package versions available in your repositories.
Install Python 3
Execute the installation command:
sudo apt install python3
The package manager downloads and installs Python automatically. This typically installs a stable version tested for Ubuntu compatibility.
Verify Installation
Check the installed version:
python3 --version
You’ll see the Python version number if installation succeeded.
Method 2: Compile from Source Code
Building from source gives you access to the newest Python releases and customization options.
Install Build Dependencies
First, update repositories:
sudo apt update
Then install required compilation tools:
sudo apt install build-essential zlib1g-dev libncurses5-dev libgdbm-dev libnss3-dev libssl-dev libreadline-dev libffi-dev wget
Download Python Source
Navigate to the temporary directory:
cd /tmp
Download your chosen version from python.org (example uses 3.12.1):
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.12.1/Python-3.12.1.tgz
Extract and Configure
Extract the archive:
tar -xf Python-3.12.1.tgz
cd Python-3.12.1
Configure with optimizations:
./configure --enable-optimizations
This optimization flag improves runtime performance through profile-guided optimization.
Compile and Install
Build Python with:
sudo make install
For a secondary installation that won’t replace your existing Python, use sudo make altinstall instead.
Confirm installation:
python3 --version
Method 3: Install from Deadsnakes PPA
This method provides newer Python versions through a community-maintained repository.
Add the Repository
Update your system first:
sudo apt update
Install repository management tools:
sudo apt install software-properties-common
Add the Deadsnakes PPA:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
sudo apt update
Install Your Desired Version
Install Python 3.12 or another available version:
sudo apt install python3.12
Verify the installation:
python3.12 --version
After installing Python, consider adding pip for package management. You can explore Linux command line basics for Chromebooks to enhance your terminal skills, learn about running Linux on different systems, or discover how developers use Python for coding projects.
FAQs
Is Python pre-installed on Ubuntu?
Ubuntu typically includes Python 3 by default. Check your version with python3 --version in terminal. Older versions may need updates through apt or PPA repositories.
Which installation method should I use?
Use APT for quick setup with stable versions. Choose source compilation for latest releases. Select Deadsnakes PPA for newer versions without compilation complexity.
Can I install multiple Python versions?
Yes, use make altinstall when compiling from source, or install specific versions like python3.10 and python3.12 simultaneously through APT or PPA.
How do I set a default Python version?
Use update-alternatives to manage versions: sudo update-alternatives --config python3. This displays available versions and lets you select your preferred default.
Do I need pip after installing Python?
Pip manages Python packages and libraries. Install it with sudo apt install python3-pip. Most development work requires pip for installing third-party packages and dependencies.
